The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.